Россыпеобразующие алмазоносные породы и алмазы Восточной Бразилии
Аннотация
Совокупность геологических, геохронологических, петрографических и минералого-геохимических данных свидетельствует об участии в образовании бразильских алмазоносных конгломератов эндогенного, предположительно мантийного по происхождению, вещества. Не исключено, что алмазоносные породы из формации Сопа-Брумадиньо в Восточной Бразилии являются не вторичными (коллекторами), как это традиционно считается, а первичными источниками алмазов в современных россыпях, поиски которых ведутся здесь уже около 200 лет. Изучение бразильских, уральских и якутских алмазов подтверждает существование в природе единого бразильско-уральского типа округлых алмазов, характерных для особого флюидизатного типа коренных алмазных месторождений. По данным фотогониометрических исследований устанавливается, что кривогранная форма алмазов является результатом длительного мантийного процесса растворения, сочетающегося с механическим истиранием и химическим травлением, происходящими преимущественно в эндогенных условиях. Впервые получены количественные данные о морфологических различиях округлых алмазов в кимберлитовых и некимберлитовых месторождениях. Результаты спектроскопических исследований указывают на принципиальные особенности бразильских алмазов – очень широкие вариации по параметрам ИК-поглощения, преобладание среди алмазов подтипа IаВ1, высокую степень агрегации структурной примеси азота и, в частности повышенную концентрацию плейтелетс, обогащение водородными центрами и центрами систем Н3 и Н4, часто преобладающими над центрами N3, повышенную (1150–1200°С) температуру и значительную длительность мантийного посткристаллизационного отжига. Вариации спектроскопических свойств свидетельствуют о кристаллизации бразильских алмазов в неустойчивой термодинамической обстановке.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/psu.geol.30.33
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