Вестник Пермского университета. Геология

Впервые получены результаты комплексных минералого-геохимических исследований ископаемых костей плейстоценовых млекопитающих из пещеры Иманай (Южный Урал) с использованием оптической и сканирующей электронной микроскопии, статистического объемометрического метода определения нанопористости, термического, рентгеноструктурного и рентгено-флюоресцентного анализов, газовой хроматографии, ИК, КР и РЛ спектроскопии, ИСП МС, изотопной масс-спектрометрии. Цель исследований – получение экспериментальных данных о характере и степени фоссилизации костных остатков в условиях пещер, оценка возможностей палеоэкологических реконструкций по пещерным ископаемым костям. Обсуждаются данные о микростроении костных останков, нанопористости, химическом составе и концентрации микроэлементов, рентгеноструктурных и термических свойствах, изотопном составе минеральной и органической компонент в костях. Согласно полученным данным, фоссилизация костных остатков в условиях пещер принципиально отличается на всех уровнях строения и состава ископаемых костей от таковой во внепещерных обстановках. В частности, пещерные кости отличаются интенсивной эпигенетической кальцитизацией, в 3–5 раз большим содержанием СО2 и аномально высокими значениями атомного отношения Ca/P, но многократно уступают по содержанию иллювиированных минеральных загрязнений, обогащению микроэлементами вмещающей геологической среды, содержанию Сорг и коллагена. По изотопному составу углерода и кислорода в биоапатите пещерный костный детрит является аномально тяжелым, сближаясь с изотопным составом углерода и кислорода в морских известняках. Приведены некоторые палеоэкологические реконструкции, включая диету пещерных животных, рассмотрены доказательства обитания в пещере Иманай поздних неандертальцев.

неоплейстоцен; Южный Урал; пещера Иманай; пещерные львы и медведи; минералогогеохимические исследования; особенности пещерной фоссилизации ископаемых костей; палеоэкологические реконструкции; поздние неандертальцы

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