Об особенностях некоторых индикаторных минералов кимберлитовых пород

N. N. Zinchuk

Аннотация


Осуществлен анализ результатов проведенных исследований мантийных модулей в кимберлитовых диатремах основных алмазоносных районов Сибирской платформы. Комплексно изучались морфология и химизм гранатов, хромдиопсидов, клинопироксенов, пикроильменитов, хромитов и хромшпинелидов. В целом для каждого типа кимберлитовых пород, слагающих трубки, количество минералов алмазной ассоциации пропорционально алмазоносности той или иной разновидности кимберлита. Очень важно как всестороннее изучение кимберлитов, так и исследование самого алмаза – минерала с широким комплексом физико-химических и кристалломорфологических особенностей, отражающих своеобразие термодинамических и геохимических условий их образования, которые могут быть использованы в качестве типоморфных. Детальные комплексные исследования алмаза и его парагенетических минералов-спутников позволяют установить вещественно-индикационные параметры кимберлитового магматизма различной продуктивности и геолого-структурного положения кимберлитовых тел, а также решают вопросы о коренных источниках алмазов россыпей. Присутствие в кимберлитах определенных групп глубинных ксенолитов и ксенозерен их минералов, химический и геохимический состав кимберлитов позволили сформулировать концепцию о свойствах образований верхней мантии, являющихся источником магмы каждого из выделяемых типов кимберлитов. Подтверждена существующая точка зрения, что причиной различной продуктивности кимберлитов является глубина залегания корней магматических очагов. Обычно корни промышленно-продуктивных кимберлитов залегают на большей глубине, чем слабо алмазоносные. С изучением индикаторных первичных минералов кимберлитов связано совершенствование направления исследований на создание наиболее рациональных схем переработки руды и обеспечивающих кристаллосберегающие технологии, а также расширение областей применения алмазов с учетом их реальной структуры и физических особенностей, в том числе выявления природных объектов с повышенным качеством алмазного сырья.

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Литература


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/psu.geol.23.4.352

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