Вестник Пермского университета. Геология

В целях презентации междисциплинарного научного проекта рассмотрены объекты и методы минералого-геохимических исследований костного детрита плейстоценовых млекопитающих, включающего усть-ишимскую кость древнейшего в Северной Евразии сапиенса. Показано, что в результате последовательного использования оптической, сканирующей электронной и атомно-силовой зондовой микроскопии удается выявить особенности внутреннего строения костей и признаки их прижизненных деформаций. Биоминеральный компонент в них по данным рентгенофлюоресцентного, рентгендифракционного и ИК-спектроскопического методов представлен в различной степени окристаллизованным карбонатапатитом В-типа. Методом ИСП-МС в костях обнаружено 50 эссенциальных и ксенобиотных микроэлементов. Концентрация последних в ископаемых костях превышает кларки для живых наземных животных в тысячи, десятки, иногда сотни тысяч раз, прямо коррелируя со степенью фоссилизации. Определены элементный, аминокислотный и химический групповой состав органического матрикса костей. Установлено, что основным результатом химической деградации коллагена является сокращение роли карбонильных и алифатических групп, что отражает деполимеризацию первичного органического вещества с образованием конденсированных структур. Присутствие последних в наиболее измененных костях диагностировано методом рамановской спектроскопии. Показано, что на основе данных изотопно-геохимических исследований может быть осуществлена реконструкция палеодиет и экологических условий обитания животных.

плейстоцен; крупные млекопитающие; костный детрит; оптическая; атомносиловая и сканирующая электронная микроскопия; хроматографический анализ; рентгеновская дифрактометрия; спектроскопия; масс-спектрометрия; палеоэкологические реконструкции

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