Алмазы в продуктах трещинного Толбачинского извержения 2012–2013, Камчатка

V. I. Silaev, G. A. Karpov, V. I. Rakin, L. P. Anikin, E. A. Vasiliev, V. N. Filippov, V. A. Petrovskiy

Аннотация


Алмазы обнаружены в пузыристых андезибазальтах трещинного Толбачинского извержения 27.12.2012–9.10.2013. Они представляют собой хорошо образованные, изометричные, плоскогранно-острореберные кристаллы размером до 700 мкм с примерно равновеликими гранями октаэдра и куба. В качестве дополнительных выступают грани (в последовательности встречаемости) ромбо-додекаэдра {110}, тетрагон-триоктаэдра {131} и тригон-триоктаэдра {332}. В режиме катодолюминесценции в кристаллах выявляется четкая секториальная неоднородность, обусловленная комбинацией пирамид нарастания граней октаэдра и куба. Часть толбачинских алмазов представляет собой двойниковые сростки по шпинелевому закону. В углублениях и ямках на гранях кристаллов наблюдаются выделения Mg-Fe- и Fe- силикатов, Ca-Mg- силикатов, алюмосиликатов, сульфатов, оксидов железа, самородных металлов и сплавов состава Fe, Ni-Cu, Cu-Sn-Fe. Фазовая диагностика исследуемых зерен была проведена рентгеноструктурным и раман-спектроскопическим методами. Вычисленный по рентгенограмме параметр элементарной ячейки составил 0.3556 (3) нм. Раман-спектр представлен единственной сильной линией 1332 см–1 с Δ1/2 (FWHN) = 5–7 см-1, отвечающей алмазу. В ИК-спектрах поглощения зарегистрированы только линии при 1345 и 1130 см–1, отвечающие структурным С-дефектам. Часть таких дефектов находится в положительном зарядовом состоянии N+ (линия при 1332 см–1). Термическое окисление толбачинских алмазов начинается при относительно низкой для алмазов температуре 740–750 °С, а кульминация приходится на 920–960 °С, совпадая с аналогичными данными для кимберлитовых алмазов. Исследованные образцы характеризуются весьма слабо геохимически дифференцированной ассоциацией элементов-примесей и весьма устойчивым изотопным составом углерода, не выходящими за пределы –27…–22 ‰. Своеобразие кристалломорфологических, спектроскопических, минералого-геохимических и изотопно-геохимических свойств дает основание отне-сти толбачинские алмазы к ранее неизвестному флюидо-вулканогенно-эруптивному или толбачинскому генетическому типу.

Ключевые слова


трещинное Толбачинское извержение; алмазы; кристалло-морфология; спектроскопия; микроэлементы; изотопия углерода

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Литература


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/psu.geol.26.6

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